http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/library_prb.asp?Language=E The Parliamentary Information and Research Service prepares publications for general distribution to all Parliamentarians as background material to policy areas and legislation before Parliament. en-ca COPYRIGHT 2008-06-10T00:00:00 2008-06-10T00:00:00 Research Publications Library of Parliament 1 http://www.parl.gc.ca/inetimages/prblogo-e.gif http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/library_prb.asp?Language=E 500 160 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp410-e.htm This paper examines some of the current issues surrounding Indian band membership. It surveys Indian Act provisions regarding status and band membership and the changes introduced through Bill C‑31. The paper then discusses some of the consequences of that bill and outlines subsequent court cases that focused on band membership and associated rights. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the resulting judgments and comments on membership issues in the context of self-government for Indian communities. Aboriginal Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp410-e.htm 2007-03-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0338-e.htm Aboriginal Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0338-e.htm 2007-03-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0618-e.htm The document traces the evolution of the specific claims process in Canada, from the period prior to the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1973 Calder decision to the 2005 hearings before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. Noteworthy developments include the creation of the Indian Specific Claims Commission and the Specific Claims Resolution Act, which was adopted in 2002 but never proclaimed. Despite a common desire to ensure a timelier and more effective process, much remains to be resolved. Aboriginal Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0618-e.htm 2006-10-30T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0009-e.htm These notes are intended to provide a brief introduction to the complex and evolving “fiduciary” relationship between the Crown and Canada’s Aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0009-e.htm 2007-03-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0327-e.htm This paper will look at the relationship between BSE and its human equivalent, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0327-e.htm 2007-03-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0412-e.htm Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0412-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0741-e.htm This paper outlines the current situation with respect to compositional standards for cheese; focuses on problems or disagreements over interpretation among dairy industry stakeholders; describes the proposed new regulations of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA); and gives an overview of the reaction of the principal dairy industry stakeholders to the proposed regulations. Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0741-e.htm 2008-02-26T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0702-e.htm In Brief Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0702-e.htm 2007-09-18T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0302-e.htm Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0302-e.htm 2007-03-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0753-e.htm This study examines the farm problem in Canada, using 2005 figures, and analyzes the government support provided to farm operations to resolve this problem. It reviews all farm operations in terms of various size criteria. The first section gives an overview of the farm problem and its development. The second examines possible disparities among farms of various sizes in terms of their financial health. The third provides figures on government payments according to farm size. The final section discusses the farm problem in the context of government payments. Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0753-e.htm 2008-04-22T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0617-e.htm Agriculture is the subject of many international programs, policies and commitments. From these has emerged a specific vocabulary, on which Parliament must often rely to facilitate a common understanding in the field. This glossary has been prepared for parliamentarians, their staff and others interested in the development of policies directly or indirectly concerning agriculture at the federal level. Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0617-e.htm 2007-10-17T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0507-e.htm Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0507-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0029-e.htm After a brief review of the concept of organic farming and its status in Canada, this paper describes the various government measures that affect this sector of the agricultural industry and discusses organic farming as a model for sustainable agriculture. Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0029-e.htm 2007-03-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0588-e.htm Agriculture/Agri-food http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0588-e.htm 2007-03-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0514-e.htm Business and Corporate Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0514-e.htm 2007-04-05T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0335-e.htm The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, it seeks to outline the growth in outward-bound Canadian direct investments in the past 20 years, a trend fuelled largely by the financial services industry. The second, related, objective is to demonstrate that Canada is now in fact a net direct investor abroad. This relatively recent phenomenon has been driven in large part by financial services and natural resources firms, areas where Canada has traditionally enjoyed a competitive advantage either because of historical factors or because of natural endowments. FDI trends reveal a growing vitality and maturity on the part of certain Canadian firms and the Canadian economy more generally, and broadly signal that Canada is becoming more active in the integrated global economy. Business and Corporate Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0335-e.htm 2007-03-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0713-e.htm This paper examines the foreign direct investment approval process in Canada and the criteria that are considered in determining whether to accept or reject foreign investments. By way of comparison, it also examines the investment review process in two other major industrialized economies: Australia and the United States. Business and Corporate Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0713-e.htm 2008-01-14T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0354-e.htm While natural disasters affect all types of insurance, this paper examines the effects of natural disasters on the property and casualty (P&C) insurance industry, specifically the property side of the business (though automobile insurance is examined where appropriate). The first section describes the structure of the P&C insurance industry. The second discusses the various issues facing that industry, including low interest rates and the effects of climate change. The third section examines potential consequences arising from these issues, including a lack of insurance provision and higher premiums, while the final section reports on what the industry and government are doing to mitigate these trends; it also suggests some other possible courses of action. Competition/Consumer http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0354-e.htm 2007-04-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0337-e.htm This paper examines why spam is a problem and what technological, legal and other approaches are being employed to deal with it around the world. The situation in Canada is discussed, as is the debate about the need for legislation in Canada to control spam. Competition/Consumer http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0337-e.htm 2007-04-16T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0614-e.htm This document deals with Parliament’s attempt to strike a balance between effective protection of pharmaceutical inventions, in order to stimulate research and development (R&D), and keeping the cost of medicines down. Specifically, it examines the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations (the Regulations), which, along with the Patent Act, attempt to achieve that balance by allowing the generic version of a medicine to be marketed once the patent for the original medicine expires. Copyright/Patents/Trademark http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0614-e.htm 2007-04-17T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0433-e.htm This paper reviews Canada’s international obligations in relation to cannabis laws and discusses varying interpretations of those obligations. It then examines the impact that marijuana decriminalization might have on Canada’s foreign policy programs. Finally, the paper discusses statements made by other governments and international bodies relating to this possible change in Canadian law. Crime:Prevention and Responses http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0433-e.htm 2007-04-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/919-e.htm Crime:Prevention and Responses http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/919-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0703-e.htm This paper reviews developments in jurisdictions that already permit physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia (or both) in certain contexts, as well as developments in some jurisdictions that appear to be moving toward greater acceptance of these practices. It also summarizes some of the events that have contributed to the debate on this issue. Crime:Prevention and Responses http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0703-e.htm 2007-09-24T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0330-e.htm Crime:Prevention and Responses http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0330-e.htm 2008-04-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0211-e.htm This paper will provide a context for understanding the American objections to the jurisdiction of the ICC prosecutors, who have the power to initiate proceedings themselves – referred to as proprio motu authority. To begin, the paper provides an overview of the development of international criminal law by tracing the historical path to the 1998 Rome Conference. It then reviews the ICC Statute itself, particularly as it pertains to the office of the prosecutor and the proposed Pre-Trial Chamber process of judicial oversight. A limited examination of the role of the prosecutor in national legal systems follows, with Canada receiving specific focus as a representative common law jurisdiction; the intention is that lessons relevant to the international context may be derived. The next section reviews the main criticisms of the powers of the ICC prosecutor’s office, as well as other concerns about the Court, with an emphasis on the objections of the U.S. government. A response to the American critique follows, with a discussion of the necessity of U.S. participation in the ICC. Crime:Prevention and Responses http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0211-e.htm 2007-05-07T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0725-e.htm In the last decade, several countries have adopted budgets that are gender sensitive and gender responsive. This paper on gender budgets provides an overview of what a gender budget is, why gender budgets are needed, the implementation process of a gender budget, tools for effective gender budgeting, and the role of parliamentarians in encouraging and implementing a gender budget. Debt/Deficit/Budget http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0725-e.htm 2008-02-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0641-e.htm This paper dealing with measures of government debt in Canada is divided into two parts. The first part provides a brief explanation of measures of “net debt” and “accumulated deficit” found currently in the public accounts of governments in Canada. The second part explains how the federal government is planning to eliminate Canada’s total government net debt – as measured by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) – by 2021. Debt/Deficit/Budget http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0641-e.htm 2007-06-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0802-e.htm This paper reviews the intra-NATO debate on the Canadian circumstances in Afghanistan, as they were laid out in the Manley Reportin the lead-up to the Parliamentary debate in March 2008 that extended the Canadian mission until 2011. Adjustments to our military mission must take into consideration the circumstances and views of our NATO allies and partners, some of whom do not see things in quite the same way we do. This paper highlights some of those differing perspectives. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0802-e.htm 2008-06-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0738-e.htm This paper examines the changing role of Canadian diplomacy within the context of the ‘whole-of government’ approach in Afghanistan. It discusses how diplomacy has been used to achieve Canadian security objectives in the country. Recent diplomatic initiatives and ongoing challenges to Canadian diplomacy are also presented. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0738-e.htm 2008-02-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0724-e.htm This paper lists significant Canadian parliamentary events that have occurred on the subject of Canada’s mission to Afghanistan, including debates, motions and the tabling of reports, for the period September 2001 to October 2007. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0724-e.htm 2007-12-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0729-e.htm This paper provides an overview of the Afghan economy and examines the composition of economic activity, domestic policy developments and reforms, and the role of foreign aid and debt relief. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0729-e.htm 2007-12-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0731-e.htm This paper offers a brief overview of the involvement of the European Union (EU) and key European countries in Afghanistan and their approaches to the international mission in that country. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0731-e.htm 2008-02-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0735-e.htm This paper examines aspects of Afghanistan’s reconstruction and development, including in particular the scope of activities, key documents, international institutional frameworks and bilateral assistance. In addition, the paper reviews Canada’s commitments, which amount to C$1.2 billion from 2001 to 2011. The paper also outlines the primary challenges that confront the international community’s and Afghanistan’s efforts, the most significant of which is the inconsistent security environment in the country. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0735-e.htm 2008-02-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0719-e.htm This paper deals with the Canadian military mission in Afghanistan, that is the Canadian Joint Task Force – Afghanistan (JTF-AFG), which is Canada’s contribution to the UN-sanctioned, NATO-directed International Security Assistance Force. JTF-AFG also assists Afghan government bureaucrats develop strategic plans, mentors and trains units of the Afghan National Army and protects reconstruction efforts in Kandahar Province. Future mission options include a change in role, organization or location – or all three. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0719-e.htm 2007-11-14T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0733-e.htm This paper provides an overview of the strained relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, including both history and current issues. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0733-e.htm 2008-02-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0717-e.htm This paper discusses the rule of law in Afghanistan, emphasizing that, although progress is being made, primary indicators show that much remains to be accomplished. The paper provides a brief overview of Afghanistan’s legislative and executive branches, government, court system, law enforcement agencies and corrections system, while also discussing issues such as transitional justice and the transfer of detainees by the Canadian Forces. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0717-e.htm 2007-11-14T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0734-e.htm This paper provides an overview of gender issues in Afghanistan as they relate to women and of the gains that have been made, while noting that some improvements have largely been symbolic and have yet to be translated to the grassroots level. It also outlines how Canada’s role in Afghanistan has contributed to the advancement of women’s rights, and discusses the current security situation and the future of the status of women in Afghanistan. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0734-e.htm 2008-02-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0727-e.htm This paper provides a basic overview of the Taliban’s origins, current status, political structures, military tactics, and prospects for negotiations. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0727-e.htm 2007-12-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0726-e.htm This paper summarizes UN intervention in Afghanistan from the beginning of the Soviet withdrawal in 1988. It covers three phases: the UN presence from 1988 until the end of 2001, when the Taliban were overthrown; the establishment of the Bonn Agreement, the UN Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, and the Afghanistan Compact; and UN activities since 2002. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0726-e.htm 2007-12-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0409-e.htm Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0409-e.htm 2007-02-22T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0006-e.htm Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0006-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb583-e.htm This paper provides an overview of several differences in legislative approach taken under the Patriot Act and the Anti-terrorism Act. It focuses on six key areas: new crimes and penalties; new investigative tools and procedures; electronic surveillance and communications interception; information gathering, secrecy and sharing; the listing of terrorist entities; and the suppression of terrorist financing. This paper also discusses the sunset and/or review provisions contained in both Acts and provides information on the two statutes that have amended the Patriot Act: the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 and the USA PATRIOT Act Additional Reauthorizing Amendments Act of 2006. Defence and Security http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb583-e.htm 2006-10-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0643-e.htm In brief Economic Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0643-e.htm 2007-06-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0601-e.htm The first part of this paper provides a brief description of CMHC and an explanation of mortgage loan insurance. The second part deals with the corporation’s profits and the care with which it is handling the MIF “surplus,” a surplus that many people want to see added to the funds earmarked by the federal government for social housing. The third part puts the surplus in context by summarizing recent changes in the mortgage loan insurance market, along with CMHC’s outlook for its future, against a backdrop of ever-greater competition and evolving regulations, both in Canada and internationally. Economic Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0601-e.htm 2007-07-24T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0801-e.htm In Brief Economic Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0801-e.htm 2007-04-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0343-e.htm In Brief Education http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0343-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0625-e.htm This paper provides an overview of recent federal spending on initiatives designed to promote investments in higher education and training, including direct and indirect financial support to individuals, and spending on infrastructure and capacity-building within Canada’s higher learning community. The data presented here show that the vast majority of federal support that has been allocated to higher learning since the Canadian Opportunities Strategy (i.e., the February 1998 budget) has been directed at formal education, most notably universities. In 2004-2005, the federal government spent more than $12 billion on PSE and training, roughly 60% more than in 1997-1998. During this period, spending on PSE and training grew at an average annual rate of roughly 8.5%, approximately one percentage point above the rate of growth in federal budgetary program spending. Education http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0625-e.htm 2006-11-08T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0546-e.htm Elections, Referendums and Polling http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0546-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0417-e.htm PRB 04-17E Elections, Referendums and Polling http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0417-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0750-e.htm Since at least the 1970s, Canada’s regulation of political campaign financing has expanded to include not only election campaigns, but also nomination and leadership contests as well as third party political advertising. This paper summarizes the disparate rules set out in the Canada Elections Act that govern the financing of federal political campaigns, discusses the sources of political financing and the limits on contributions and spending imposed by the Act, and sets out the reporting obligations imposed on political parties, candidates, electoral district associations, leadership contestants and nomination contestants. Elections, Referendums and Polling http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0750-e.htm 2008-04-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0637-e.htm Global production of biofuels is booming, as higher oil prices and technological breakthroughs have made it a more profitable business. Other key factors are the political will in most industrialized countries to find a reliable source of energy, and the implementation of new incentive programs; these have stimulated the industry’s growth and helped develop a level of infrastructure that can take advantage of favourable economic conditions. Energy http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0637-e.htm 2007-03-19T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0704-e.htm China’s economic growth depends on coal, an abundant, affordable, but especially polluting source of energy. Greenhouse gas emissions attributable to China’s coal-fired plants are increasing at an alarming rate. It is urgent that China, at a minimum, begin a shift toward technologies that can reduce the environmental impact of using coal for power generation. Energy http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0704-e.htm 2007-10-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0213-e.htm The purpose of this paper is to outline, in chart form, the initiatives thus far taken by the federal government, each of the provinces, and the Yukon within their respective jurisdictions with regard to bulk water removals. In each case, references are made to the relevant sections of the appropriate statute and/or regulations. Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0213-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0730-e.htm Since its inception in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has acted, particularly through its Kyoto Protocol, as the focus of international efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Since then, a number of other international mechanisms have been created. This paper describes these efforts and their relationship to the United Nations process. Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0730-e.htm 2008-01-14T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0629-e.htm This paper provides an overview of the principal chemicals legislation in the United States and Australia and the new legislation proposed in the European Union (REACH). This document also briefly discusses international efforts with respect to some of the issues identified to date in the statutory parliamentary review of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999. Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0629-e.htm 2006-10-11T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05101-e.html Preventing sickness, as opposed to treating it, is widely seen as the most efficient means of achieving better public health. Reducing air pollution is one such proactive measure that can lead to better health, and it has been a government objective for decades. This paper describes smog as an environmental determinant of public health and discusses some of the issues surrounding government efforts to combat this problem. Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05101-e.html 2006-03-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0721-e.htm The most important basis for action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions has been the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Although the Convention foresaw many partnerships and agreements as means toward its ultimate objective, the agreement that has garnered the most attention is the Kyoto Protocol, negotiated under the auspices of the UNFCCC. This paper describes the UNFCCC and the Protocol, emphasizing the Canadian context. Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0721-e.htm 2008-01-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0420-e.htm This paper examines the impact of the following programs and initiatives: National Child Benefit Early Childhood Development Initiative Multilateral Framework on Early Learning and Child Care bilateral agreements with the provinces direct payments to families. Other ways in which the federal government supports early childhood services are also briefly discussed. Family, Children and Youth http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0420-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0510-e.htm Family, Children and Youth http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0510-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp276-e.htm The following historical overview discusses the place of municipalities in the Canadian federal system with a particular emphasis on various attempts to gain constitutional recognition for municipal governments. Federal-Provincial/Constitution http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp276-e.htm 2006-10-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0736-e.htm This paper provides an overview of the debate surrounding the use of the federal spending power, its constitutional foundation, and its significance within the larger context of federalism. It also outlines both historical and recent developments, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the federal spending power. Federal-Provincial/Constitution http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0736-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05105-e.htm This paper considers the growing involvement of banks in the insurance industry and provides an historical overview of legislative reforms that have facilitated the evolution of “bancassurance” in Canada. In addition, the divergent positions of stakeholders on this issue are discussed in the context of Parliament’s mandatory 2006 review of federal financial institutions legislation. Financial Institutions http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05105-e.htm 2006-10-31T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0596-e.htm The aim of this document is to provide an overview of the first and second Basel accords, their history, and their objectives. Financial Institutions http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0596-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s4&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary First Session, 39th Parliament http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s4&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-12-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0701-e.htm In Brief Fisheries http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0701-e.htm 2007-05-18T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0747-e.htm This paper focuses on controversial claims over Arctic waters that affect Canadian interests. Three controversies are examined, two of them ongoing and the last one potential: the status of the Northwest Passage; the maritime delimitation in the Beaufort Sea; and the extent to which claims over an extended continental shelf by the various Arctic states may generate future controversies. Foreign Affairs and International Law http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0747-e.htm 2008-03-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0428-e.htm This paper provides an overview of the sometimes confusing political architecture of Europe. To do so, it will briefly describe Europe’s major international organizations, including their parliamentary assemblies, and Canada’s involvement in them. The paper focuses on three types of IOs: organizations of European governance; transatlantic security organizations; and other, primarily European, organizations with non European membership. Foreign Affairs and International Law http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0428-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0710-e.htm In Brief Foreign Affairs and International Law http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0710-e.htm 2007-10-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0639-e.htm This paper provides a detailed overview of federal revenues and expenditures in the provinces, including an examination of the different revenue sources and types of federal spending by province. Unlike other analyses, which focus solely on where the money comes from and where it goes, this paper looks more closely at the reasons federal revenues and major categories of expenditure are greater in some provinces than in others. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0639-e.htm 2007-07-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0621-e.htm This paper explores the recent history of changes to the GIC appointments process. In addition, it looks at some options for reforming that process, including an office similar to the Public Appointments Commission proposed by the Conservative government on 11 April 2006 in Bill C-2, the Federal Accountability Act. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0621-e.htm 2006-10-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0754-e.htm The goal of this publication is to make Parts I and II of the Estimates (the Government Expense Plan and the Main Estimates) easier to understand and use. It provides a description of what is in each section of the Estimates document, with an explanation of some of the more complicated elements. It also discusses how the Government Expense Plan and the Main Estimates might be useful, and gives references for further information about selected topics. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0754-e.htm 2008-05-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0803-e.htm This paper focuses primarily on the mandate and potential roles and responsibilities of a minister of state for children. It provides an overview of current and previous ministers of state for subpopulations at the federal and provincial levels. Further, it examines how other federal Western democracies have addressed children’s issues and policies at the federal and state levels. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of limitations associated with a minister of state designation, and presents other options for creating a focal point of federal leadership with respect to children. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0803-e.htm 2008-05-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0623-e.htm This document provides an overview of one of the federal government’s major medium-term management initiatives: modern comptrollership, and its successor initiative, the Management Accountability Framework. Both of these seek to reform and modernize the government’s overall management function in order to provide for more effective delivery of programs and services. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0623-e.htm 2006-11-14T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0631-e.htm This document analyzes private member’s Bill C-293, which establishes a legislative mandate for Canada’s official development assistance based on aid spending to reduce poverty. The bill is also intended to improve transparency and accountability in Canada’s aid spending. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0631-e.htm 2006-10-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0631-e.htm Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0631-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0603-e.html This paper discusses some of the issues surrounding the creation of a Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO) and it reviews some of the relevant findings of the O’Neill Report. Since much of the role of the proposed PBO seems to borrow from the workings of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), this paper also provides an outline of the history, role and mandate of the CBO. Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0603-e.html 2006-06-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0559-e.htm Government and Public Administration http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0559-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0239-e.htm This paper will review some of the major aspects of this devastating disease. It will also discuss the research efforts under way throughout the world to establish the cause or causes of AD, to prevent its onset, develop more effective methods of diagnosis, engineer effective treatments, and discover a cure. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0239-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0635-e.htm This paper deals with informed choice in the context of assisted human reproduction, the consent framework under the Assisted Human Reproduction Act and examines the proposed regulations made under section 8. The paper concludes with a discussion of problematic issues. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0635-e.htm 2007-02-15T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0627-e.htm This paper briefly describes the various federal funding sources for health research and examines trends in federal funding in this field. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0627-e.htm 2006-11-16T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb9915-e.htm Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb9915-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0208-e.htm This paper will briefly describe the origins of the epidemic, the present state of the epidemic and the recent scientific advances in the fight to contain and treat the infection. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0208-e.htm 2006-10-11T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0457-e.htm This paper examines the origins of the flu and describe some flu pandemics that have afflicted humankind in the past. It also describes the current avian flu crisis and how this may, or may not, relate to a potential human pandemic. Finally, it explores interventions for combating the flu as well as the plans, both Canadian and international, for pandemic preparedness. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0457-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0622-e.htm PRB 06-22E - Provincial and Territorial Funding Programs for Autism Therapy (Odette Madore, Jean-Rodrigue Paré) This paper provides a table summarizing provincial and territorial programs for the treatment of autism. The table includes information on autism therapy, such as Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) or Intensive Behavioural Intervention (IBI), as well as on family services and supports. The terminology used is usually that employed by each jurisdiction. It should be noted that this table is not intended to be comprehensive, but simply to offer some useful comparisons among provinces and territories. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0622-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0620-e.htm This paper summarizes the most recent information on the prevalence of alcohol use and abuse in Canada and its related harms. Statistical data are drawn primarily from the 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey and other data collected through the Northwest Territories Addiction Survey (NWT Survey 2004), the 2005 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2002), the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (2001-2002) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY, 1998-1999). The document also includes a brief section on reducing alcohol-related harms and best overall policy practices and activities undertaken by the federal government in addressing the harms caused by alcohol in Canada. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0620-e.htm 2006-12-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0619-e.html This paper describes various licit and illicit psychoactive substances and related problems and consequences, and summarizes the most recent information on the prevalence of use of psychoactive substances in Canada. Statistical data are drawn primarily from the 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey report published in March 2005, supplemented by other data collected through the 2004 Northwest Territories Addiction Survey, the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, the National Population Health Survey (1998‑1999), theNational Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1994-1995 to 2002-2003), the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (2001-2002), and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2003). Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0619-e.html 2006-11-06T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0634-e.htm In Brief Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0634-e.htm 2007-02-26T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0582-e.htm Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0582-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0521-e.htm This document explores the chemistry of trans fats, describes the difference between their natural and industrial production, and examines the evidence that links them to heart disease. Opportunities and options for reducing trans fat levels in foods both in Canada and abroad are also discussed. Health http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0521-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0744-e.htm This paper will canvass the federal landscape in terms of privacy legislation, its legislative history, and the need for modernization at a time when technology and terrorism are rapidly transforming the world in which we live. Human Rights and Freedoms http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0744-e.htm 2008-03-07T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp402-e.htm This paper contains a summary review of a number of principles relevant to analysis of section 15 and section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter), as determined by the Supreme Court of Canada (the Court), followed by a chart setting out basic elements of the Court’s decisions in which the equality rights provision has been raised. Human Rights and Freedoms http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp402-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0425-e.htm In Brief Human Rights and Freedoms http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0425-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/921-e.htm Current Issue Review Human Rights and Freedoms http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/921-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0624-e.htm This paper discusses the concept of trafficking in general terms and provides an overview of the legislative framework surrounding the issue at the international level and within the Canadian context. It concludes with a discussion of potential gaps in Canadian legislation and policy with respect to trafficking in persons. Human Rights and Freedoms http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0624-e.htm 2007-09-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0715-e.htm In Brief Immigration and Citizenship http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0715-e.htm 2008-01-18T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0597-e.html In Brief Labour and Employment http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0597-e.html 2006-10-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c10&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c10&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-06-06T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c11&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c11&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c13&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c13&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-22T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c14&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c14&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-01-08T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c14&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c14&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c16&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 LS-530E Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c16&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c16&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c16&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c17&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c17&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-15T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c17&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c17&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c18&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c18&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-19T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c18&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c18&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c19&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c19&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-01-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c19&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c19&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c2&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c2&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-08T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c2&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c2&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-02-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c20&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c20&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-01-23T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c20&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c20&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-02-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c21&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c21&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-06-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c21&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c21&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2006-10-03T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c22&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c22&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-01-07T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c22&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c22&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c23&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c23&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-07-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c24&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c24&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-24T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c25&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c25&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-01-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c26&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c26&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-06-06T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c26&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c26&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c27&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c27&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-02-22T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c29&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summaries Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c29&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2006-11-02T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c29&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c29&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-30T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c3&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c3&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-12-31T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c30&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c30&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2008-05-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c31&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c31&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-08-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c32&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c32&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-05T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c33&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c33&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-05-15T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c35&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c35&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-03-07T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c36&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 LS-548E Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c36&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-02-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c37&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c37&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-02-04T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c40&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c40&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-03-03T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c41&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c41&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-02T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c42&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c42&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-03-06T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c42&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c42&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-01T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c43&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c43&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-04-26T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c44&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 LS-546E Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c44&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-11-01T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c45&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 LS-551E Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c45&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-03-19T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c45&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legisaltive Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c45&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-05-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c46&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c46&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-05-01T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c47&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c47&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-05-30T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c48&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c48&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c5&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c5&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-28T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c51&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c51&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-05-02T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c53&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c53&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-05-30T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c53&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c53&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-06-05T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c54&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c54&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-11-23T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c55&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c55&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-07-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c56&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c56&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-10-31T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c57&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c57&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-06-19T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c59&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c59&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-08-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c6&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c6&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-11-26T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c6&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c6&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c61&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c61&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 2007-08-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c7&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c7&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2008-02-25T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c8&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c8&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-19T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c9&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c9&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=1 T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c9&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=c9&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s3&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 Legislative Summary Legislative Summaries http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s3&source=library_prb&Parl=39&Ses=2 2007-11-21T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0638-e.htm In Brief Official Languages http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0638-e.htm 2007-04-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0628-e.htm This paper provides a brief overview of the official languages rights and obligations that directly relate to Parliament. It considers the guarantees and obligations arising from the Constitution, by examining the relevant provisions of the Constitution Act, 1867, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the Official Languages Act. The paper also looks at some of the specific aspects of parliamentary procedure as they relate to official languages. Official Languages http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0628-e.htm 2006-10-02T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0423-e.htm In Brief Official Languages http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0423-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/938-e.htm Current Issue Review Official Languages http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/938-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp4-e.htm Parliament and the Legislative Process http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp4-e.htm 2006-10-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0742-e.htm Recent government initiatives have heightened public and political attention to the issue of Senate reform. This paper provides historical background on Senate reform. It also outlines considerations relevant to the legislative proposals of the Government and the renewed discussion they have prompted. Parliament and the Legislative Process http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0742-e.htm 2008-02-29T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp3-e.htm Parliament and the Legislative Process http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp3-e.htm 2006-10-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0574-e.htm This paper will provide an overview of the lobbyists registration system in Canada. It will look at the legislative history of the Lobbyists Registration Act,review the current regime, and canvass the lobbying amendments in the Federal Accountability Act. Parliament and the Legislative Process http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0574-e.htm T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp1-e.htm Parliament and the Legislative Process http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/sp1-e.htm 2006-10-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0630-e.htm This paper provides an overview and comparison of the principal biometric technologies available on the market or in development, and examines some of the concerns that have been raised about security and privacy with respect to biometrics. It also discusses the use of biometrics by some national governments around the world, including the Canadian federal government. Science and Technology http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0630-e.htm 2007-01-03T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05104-e.htm PRB 05-104E Science and Technology http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05104-e.htm 2006-11-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0028-e.htm In the context of such rapid change, this paper will: review the public’s expectations for today’s information technology; identify some areas in which it could be used by parliaments; examine possible parliamentary applications for new information technology likely to become available within the next five years; and discuss issues that must be tackled by parliamentarians who wish to exploit these opportunities. Science and Technology http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0028-e.htm 2006-10-18T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0732-e.htm This paper summarizes the recent history of science policy in Canada, compares Canada’s R&D intensity with that of other countries, and summarizes and comments on the 2007 strategy, Mobilizing Science and Technology to Canada's Advantage. Science and Technology http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0732-e.htm 2008-02-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0708-e.htm This paper will describe federal social security contributions and will explore some of their pros and cons. The last section will analyze Canadian social security contributions in an international context. Social Security Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0708-e.htm 2007-08-27T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0722-e.htm The National Council of Welfare (NCW), along with other social policy advocates and anti-poverty organizations, has been calling for the federal government to design and implement a national poverty reduction strategy. This paper provides an overview of key features of poverty reduction strategies in Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ireland and the United Kingdom, outlines the key challenges that the federal government has to overcome to implement a national poverty reduction strategy in Canada and presents some recommendations made by anti-poverty organizations for immediate action at the federal level. Social Security Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0722-e.htm 2008-01-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0723-e.htm As of December 2007, only two provinces in Canada have implemented a comprehensive anti-poverty strategy: Québec and Newfoundland and Labrador. The province of Québec is the only jurisdiction in Canada that has enacted a law to combat poverty and social exclusion. This paper provides a brief overview of the overall strategies adopted in Québec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Social Security Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0723-e.htm 2008-01-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0728-e.htm Many European countries have adopted comprehensive anti-poverty strategies. This paper provides a brief overview of the anti-poverty strategies adopted in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Both are often used as examples of countries that have successfully reduced poverty and social exclusion and as potential models for the establishment of a national anti-poverty strategy in Canada. Social Security Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0728-e.htm 2008-01-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0756-e.htm The term ‘Social cohesion’ represents a range of conceptions that usually describe the state of social bonds within a population and connect a range of different policy areas. Rapid changes, growing inequalities and historical divides in Canadian society are seen as stresses on social cohesion. A number of policy and program options are presented which can reinforce cohesion and strengthen Canada’s competitiveness. Social Security Issues http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0756-e.htm 2008-05-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0705-e.htm In Brief Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0705-e.htm 2007-10-10T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0706-e.htm In Brief Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0706-e.htm 2007-09-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0707-e.htm In Brief Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0707-e.htm 2007-09-17T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0709-e.htm In Brief Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0709-e.htm 2007-09-13T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0640-e.htm This paper describes and summarizes the key tax provisions brought in during this period. Estimates of the fiscal cost are also presented for most of these measures. Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0640-e.htm 2007-05-24T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05106-e.htm This paper compares the income tax burden of Canadian working families with two young children (generally under the age of seven) with that of various industrialized countries. Countries selected for this analysis are the members of the G-7 group of industrialized countries, plus Sweden (commonly regarded as an industrialized high-tax country) and Ireland (commonly regarded as an industrialized low-tax country). The tax rates presented here were calculated based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Taxing Wages model. Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05106-e.htm 2007-05-31T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0636-e.htm Each year, typically in June, Canadian media recognize the arrival of Tax Freedom Day, the day on which Canadian families with two or more individuals are purported to have earned sufficient income to pay their total tax bill to all levels of government for the entire year and, therefore, to be able to “start working for themselves.” Critics claim that the notion of Tax Freedom Day is misleading and is calculated using a flawed methodology. Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0636-e.htm 2007-02-09T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0642-e.htm Canada is a signatory to a large number of bilateral income tax conventions. The first section of this document briefly describes Canada’s income tax conventions. The second section discusses the withholding tax regimes for non-resident investment income in Canada and the United States, in light of current tax treaty negotiations with the United States regarding possible reductions in the withholding tax rates. Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0642-e.htm 2007-07-16T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05107-e.htm This paper compares the estimated income tax burden (inclusive of social security contributions) of single individuals with or without dependent children in Canada with that in various industrialized countries. Countries selected for this analysis are the G-7 group of industrialized countries, plus Sweden (commonly regarded as an industrialized high-tax country) and Ireland (commonly regarded as an industrialized low-tax country). The tax rates presented here were calculated using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Taxing Wages model. Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb05107-e.htm 2007-06-12T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0610-e.htm In Brief Taxation http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0610-e.htm 2006-10-16T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0442-e.pdf Trade and Commerce http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0442-e.pdf T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0633-e.htm PRB 06-33E Trade and Commerce http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0633-e.htm 2006-12-20T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0712-e.htm This paper describes the evolution of airport governance policy and commercialization in Canada as well as airport commercialization undertaken elsewhere in the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Potential changes to Canadian airport governance proposed in Bill C-20, the Canada Airports Act, are also discussed. Transport http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0712-e.htm 2007-12-17T00:00:00 http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0573-e.htm This document describes the provisions in the CTA that can bring some competitive pressure to bear on a monopolist railway, and some criticisms of those provisions. This document also describes amendments to these and other provisions proposed in Bill C-58, an Act to amend the Canada Transportation Act (railway transportation) (introduced in the 39th Parliament on 30 May 2007) to address some of these criticisms. Most notably, the bill proposes to: remove the “substantial commercial harm” requirements for shippers that apply to certain competitive remedies (clause 1); allow shippers to jointly apply for final offer arbitration of a common matter (clause 7); and, give the Agency new authority to establish charges, or the associated terms and conditions, to shippers for the movement of traffic or incidental services (clause 3). Transport http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0573-e.htm T00:00:00