Glossary of Acronyms and Terms & Notes

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS

The security and intelligence sector, probably more than any other, seems to use and rely on acronyms and terminolgy that are esoteric. In this Report, the Committee has tried to avoid the use of acronyms. However, for the reader's benefit and to facilitate comprehension the Committee has prepared the following:

Aerobiology	Scientific study of the dispersal of infective biological weapons in the air.
AEDPA	Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act as implemented in 1996 by the United States. It makes providing material support or resources to a designated foreign terrorist organization an offence.
Anthrax	Single-celled bacterial organism capable of forming spores. Proves deadly when used as a biological weapon, producing pneumonia-like symptoms.
Bacterium	(bacteria)Single-celled microorganism. Most common life form on earth.
BSIS	British Secret Intelligence Service.
BW	Biological Warfare or Weapon Warfare, involves the use of disease usually to kill or debilitate population, food, and livestock.
BWC	The Biological Weapons Convention prohibits developing, producing, and stockpiling bacteriological and toxin weapons. Countries must destroy, or divert to peaceful purposes, (not later than nine months after the entry into force of the convention) all agents, toxins, weapons, equipment, and means of delivery. Signed on April 10, 1972, and entered into force on March 26, 1975. Membership includes 124 states. Treaty is of unlimited duration.
CANCERT	Canadian Computer Emergency Response Team is similar to the United States FedCERT. CANCERT is a private organization that investigates cyber terrorist attacks or network sabotage.
CEIC	The Immigration Branch of the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission administers the Immigration Act, 1976 and Regulations and procedures on the admission of immigrants, refugees and visitors in accordance with he economic, social and cultural interest of Canada.
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency (United States)
	Federal body responsible for the evaluation and dissemination of foreign intelligence within government.
CIC	(Department of) Citizenship and Immigration Canada
CIS	Commonwealth of Independent States The CIS was established in 1991 following the disintegration of the Soviet Union. There are 12 member states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
CISC	Criminal Intelligence Service of Canada, a division of the RCMP.
CITAC	Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Centre administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
CIWG	Critical Infrastructure Working Group
COMINT	Communications Intelligence
Convention of the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
	Provisions of the Convention oblige parties to ensure that during international transport across their territory or on ships or aircraft under their jurisdiction, nuclear materials for peaceful purposes (plutonium, uranium-235, uranium-233 and irradiated fuel) are protected at the agreed levels. Adopted on March 3, 1980, and entered into force on February 8, 1987. Members include those members EURATOM and 48 other states.
Convention on Nuclear Safety
	This Convention is designed to ensure that each member state will review all safety measures of its existing nuclear facilities and, when necessary, make all reasonably practical improvements. If upgrading an installation's safety cannot be achieved, then it should be shut down as soon as possible. Opened for signature on September 20, 1994. Signatories include 54 states, with ratification by one (Norway).

CSE	Communications Security Establishment, a branch or division of the Department of National Defence engaged in monitoring and analysing foreign telecommunications for purposes.
CSIS	Canadian Security Intelligence Service, set up in 1984 under the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act.
CW	Chemical Warfare
CWC	The Chemical Warfare Convention on the prohibition of developing, producing, stockpiling, and using chemical weapons. Also, each state is required to destroy all chemical weapons and chemical weapons production facilities it owns or possesses or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, as well any chemical weapons it abandoned on the territory of another state. The CWC was opened for signature on January 13, 1993. Signatories include 159 states with ratification by 24 states. It enters into force 180 days after the deposit of the 65th instrument of ratification, but not in effect earlier than two years after it was opened for signature.
DFAIT	Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
DND	Department of National Defence
E.I.S.	Epidemic Intelligence Service - part of the Center for Disease Control dedicated to investigating outbreaks of disease.
EMINT	Electronic Intelligence
	ERT Emergency Response Team. ERT's are maintained by most large police forces in Canada to respond to terrorist incidents, hostage takings and other situations involving violence, or the threat of violence.
ESD	Emergency Services Division of the Medical Services Branch of Health Canada have training in emergency preparedness and consequence management for major emergencies.
FedCERT	Federal Computer Emergency Response Team (United States) acts to counter cyber attacks or network sabotage on critical infrastructures.
FEMA	Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA is a United States federal agency established in 1979 to coordinate responses to terrorist incidents and to provide federal disaster relief. FEMA, along with other federal agencies, provides Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) training to State and local first responders.
FIRST	Forum for Incident Response Teams
	FIRST is an international coalition of government and private sector vulnerability analysts and computer incident response teams.
FTO	Foreign Terrorist Organization as defined by the United States Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act.
GCHQ	General Communications Headquarters (United Kingdom)
Geneva Protocol	- Prohibits the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous, or other gases, and bans bacteriological methods of warfare. The protocol was signed on June 17, 1925. Membership includes 141 states. Most of the parties in joining the Geneva Protocol made reservations to the effect that they would abide by the terms of the Protocol as long as other states did not resort to the use of CW.
GPS	Global Positioning System Constellation of 24 US satellites used to determine precise three-dimensional position anywhere on Earth. Also known as Navstar. Satellites broadcast signals in two forms: encrypted P Code for military use which provides accuracy to within 10m, and Y Code for civil use which provides a horizontal accuracy of 100m and vertical accuracy of 140 m.
H.M.R.U.	Hazardous Material Response Unit
HEPA	High Efficiency Particle Arrestor, a type of filter that will trap a virus or a bacterial particle before it enters into the lungs.
HUMINT	Human Source Intelligence
IAC	Intelligence Assessment Committee IAC provides coordination and analytical reports and assessment to the Prime Minister, Ministers and senior officials in government.
IAEA	International Atomic Energy Agency Established in 1957 in Vienna, Austria. The United Nations recognized the IAEA as the agency responsible for international activities concerned with the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Membership is 122 states.
IAS	Intelligence Assessment Secretariat
ICSI	Interdepartmental Committee on Security and Intelligence The role of the ICSI is to maintain an overview of security and intelligence issues and provides interdepartmental support to Ministers.
IMINT	Imagery Intelligence
Inspector General	- An official of the Ministry of Solicitor General responsible for the internal review and oversight of the Canadian Security Intelligence Services' activities.
IPAG	Interdepartmental Policy Advisory Group IPAG consists of operations, public communications and policy advisory sub-groups and is responsible for preparing Policy and Operation Briefing documents for various officials involved with security and intelligence matters.
IPG	Intelligence Policy Group IPG is the principal forum for policy and operational coordination with the security and intelligence community. It is chaired by the Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet, Security and Intelligence and meets bi-weekly.
IPP	Internationally Protected Persons
IPTF	Infrastructure Protection Task Force
ISC	Intelligence Service Committee
JNBCRT	Joint Nuclear, Biological, Chemical ResponseTeam JNBCRT is comprised of members from the Canadian Forces and the RCMP to provide a coordinated response to an NBC incident. The Canadian Forces act to aid, assist and assess the terrorist incident, while the RCMP focuses on the disposal, training and investigation of the terrorist threat.
LTTE	Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
MAGLOCLEN	- Middle Atlantic Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network Established in 1981, it is one of six Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) that aids United States and Canadian law enforcement agencies to investigate organized crime, drug trafficking and white-collar crime.
MILINT or MI	Military Intelligence
Military Hostage Rescue Unit (MHRU)
	The MHRU within the Canadian Forces provides armed assistance to the RCMP when requested by the Solicitor General of Canada.
MMSI	Meeting of Ministers on Security and IntelligenceChaired by the Prime Minister, members include the ministers whose departments and agencies have primary responsibility for security and intelligence policy and operations.
MOU	Memorandum of Understanding
MSG	Ministry of the Solicitor General
NACIC	National Counterintelligence Center (United States)
NBC	Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons
NCTP	National Counter-Terrorism Plan
NEA	Nuclear Energy Agency A semi-autonomous body of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the NEA was established in the late 1950s under the name of the European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA) and was renamed the Nuclear Energy Agency in 1972, to reelect its broader membership of non-European countries. Members include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK and US. Its aims are to promote cooperation between the member governments on the safety and economic progress. The Statute of the NEA contains reference to the objective of preventing the proliferation of nuclear explosive devices, however, the Agency does not have direct nonproliferation responsibilities.
Nerve Agent	A chemical agent that interferes with the central nervous system. This class of chemical weapons agent includes the G- and V-series.
NIPC	National Infrastructure Protection Centre is part of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States. Its mandate is to detect, deter, respond to and investigate unlawful intrusions into public or private computer networks.
NOC	(Royal Canadian Mounted Police) National Operations Centre The purpose of NOC is to provide support to the Commissioner and senior executive of the RCMP
NSCC	National Security Coordination Centre, established to research terrorist incidents in Canada for public knowledge.
NSD	National Security Directorate The National Security Directorate is responsible for co-ordinating the federal response to terrorism and identifying priorities for the national counter-terrorism.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
	An agreement to stop the spread of nuclear weapons adopted by the UN General Assembly on June 12, 1968 and signed on July 1, 1968 in London, Moscow, and Washington. Since that time most countries have ratified the treaty, with crucial exceptions such as India, Israel, and Pakistan. In 1995, twenty-five years after the treaty entered into force, it was bated to be extended indefinitely with a review conference every five years.
OECD	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, involves the participation of 53 states from Europe, Central Asia, and North American to act as a political consultative group.
ONA	Office of National Assessments (Australia)
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
	The OPCW comes into being when the CWC enters into force. Headquarter are located in the Hague. Conference of the States Parties is OPCW's principal organ. It is composed of all members of the Organization, to be convened not later than 30 days after the entry into force of the Convention. It will meet annually and in special sessions when necessary.
OSCINT	Open Source Intelligence
PCO	Privy Council Office
PIL	Primary Inspection Line
PLO	Palestinian Liberation Organization
PMO	Prime Minister's Office
PSTN	Public Switched Telephone Network
RCMP	Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Ricin	A plant toxin derived from the coat of the castor bean. Ricin poisoning occurs through blockages of the body's synthesis of proteins.
Sarin	One of the G-series of nerve agents. It is composed of methylphosphoryldi-fluoride (DF) plus isopropanol.
SEIT	Security Evaluation and Inspection Team for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police conducts vulnerability analyses of computer systems for government departments.
SIGINT	Signals Intelligence (i.e. extracting intelligence from various types of telecommunications)
SIRC	Security Intelligence Review Committee, the statutory external review body for Canadian Security Intelligence Service.
SJC	Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations
STAG	Special Threat Assessment Group is an interdepartmental committee formed to assess nuclear, biological or chemical threats.
WMD	Weapons of Mass Destruction
UKUSA	Agreement - Agreement between Britain, the United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand setting out inter alia, the responsibilities of these nations for monitoring Soviet communications and sharing signals intelligence.

NOTES

^{For example, the attempted bombings of the Holland Tunnel
and the United Nations buildings in New York.}
^{United States State Department figures (April, 1998).}
^{Figures from the Department of Foreign Affairs and
International Trade.}
^{For example, the Canadian Ambassador's role in trying to
resolve the MRTA's (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement's) occupation of the Japanese
Embassy in Lima, Peru, 1997.}
^{See Report of the Senate Special Committee on Terrorism
and Public Safety (June, 1987), Supply and Services Canada, p.p. 1-4.}
^{For an extensive review of the origins of the word
"terrorism" and a discussion of the evolution of the term see Bruce Hoffman, Inside
Terrorism, Victor Gollanz, London: Wellington House, 1998, Chapter I.}
^{Alex P. Schmid, et al, Political Terrorism: A New Guide
to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature, Transaction Books
(1988), p.p. 1-9.}
^{One of the issues raised by this definition is: Why limit
the scope of violence to "serious" violence; what constitutes
"serious" violence; and who decides? The draft Ontario Counter-Terrorism Plan
adds further complications by referring to "extraordinary violence" in its
definition of "terrorist activity".}
^{Patterns of Global Terrorism, United
States Department of State, April 1998. p.p. 29-33.}
^{This is not to say that terrorism does not exist in the
countries of the former Soviet Union. Domestic terrorism, with a strong organized crime
component (Russian Mafia) appears to be increasing dramatically. Some domestic terrorist
groups such as the Czechnian rebels (depending on one's perspective and definition of
terrorism) also have state, or quasi-state, support. The Confederation of Independent
States (CIS) has also expressed concerns about the activities of terrorist organizations
in member states or on their borders. For example, the religious fundamentalist Wahhabites
are accused of destabilizing Uzbekistan and of being sponsored by Afghanistan.}
^{R. James Woolsley, Director, United States Central
Intelligence, quoted in The Economist, "Indiana Jim and the Temple of
Spooks", March 20, 1993, p. 34.}
^{Rahan Gunaratna, International and Regional Security
Implications of the Sri Lankan Tamil Insurgency, Alumni Association of the Bandaranake
Centre for International Studies and the International Foundation of Sri Lankans, London,
England, (1997) p.24 and interview with Dr. Peter Chalk on July 9, 1998.}
^{Figures assembled for the Committee by the Privy Council
Office. The figures are approximations since there is no global or centralized budget for
the security and intelligence sector (See Chapter IV). The Auditor General of Canada
calculated total expenditures in the "intelligence community" as some $440
million in 1995-96. See Annual Report to the House of Commons Auditor General of Canada,
Chapter 27, (November, 1996).}
^{Ibid. p. 27-28.}
^{Interview with Dr David Dewitt, Director, Centre for
International and Strategic Studies, York University, (May 13, 1998). Chadwick F. Agler,
"Failed States and the Failure of States: Self Determination, States, Nations and
Global Governance"; Daniel Esty, Jack Goldstone, Robert Ted Gurr, Pamela Surko, Alan
Unger and Robert Chen, "The State Failure Project: Early Warning Research for the
United States Foreign Policy Planning"; Michael Nicholson "Failed States,
Failing Systems"; papers presented at The Conference for Failed States and
International Security: Causes, Prospects, and Consequences. Purdue University, West
Lafayette. February 25-27, 1998. Robert Kaplan, "The Coming Anarchy". The
Atlantic Monthly, 273, No. 2 (February 1994), p.p. 44-76.}
^{United States Department of State figures.}
^{Aum Shinrikyo ("Supreme Truth") is usually
classified as a religious cult and, in fact, had official recognition as a religious group
under Japanese law from 1989 to 1995.}
^{Louis J. Freeh, Statement before the United States Senate
Judiciary Committee, Washington, D.C., September 3, 1998.}
^{Speech by Richard Clarke, National Coordinator for
Security, Critical Infrastructure Protection and Counter-Terrorism to the Jane's
Information Group, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1998.}
^{The package was destroyed before its contents could be
analysed and the type of device confirmed.}
^{"Man Accused of Possessing Lethal Toxin Hangs
Himself, AP Newswire, December 23, 1997.}
^{See Chapter III.}
^{See Chapter II.}
^{Optical satellites are "passive". They receive
energy transmitted or reflected from the earth in varying wavelengths and that data is
used to identify different surfaces or covers of the earth's surface. Radar satellites use
active sensors. They send out conventional radar waves and measure the return waves to
identify different surfaces or covers. Optical satellites generally have better resolution
than radar satellites.}
^{Commentary Number 75. "Exploiting the New High
Resolution Satellite Imagery: Darwinian Imperatives?" Canadian Security Intelligence
Service, (Ottawa), Summer, 1998.}
^{The federal Department of Industry issued a public
consultation paper "A Cryptography Policy Framework for Electronic Commerce"
(February 1998). One alternative put forward in the paper is a key escrow system, whereby
the key to decipher any electronic cypher code is held in escrow for access by law
enforcement and other authorities via a search warrant. After a period of public
consultation, Industry Canada decided not to proceed with a key escrow system,
("Canada's New Cryptography Policy", Industry Canada, October 1, 1998). A key
escrow system has all but been rejected in the United States as well.}
^{See Chapter III.}
^{The first pilot project was conducted in Guelph, Ontario
and has been completed. Another pilot project is scheduled to be launched in Sherbrooke,
Quebec during the Spring of 1999.}
^{23 recommendations in the 1987 Report; 14 recommendations
in the 1989 Report.}
^{The Commission of Inquiry Concerning Certain Activities of
the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.}
^{Particularly pursuant to s.s. 4(1), 4(2), 6(1) and 6(2) of
the Act.}
^{The Group consists of members of the security and
intelligence communities of both countries and is co-chaired by Foreign Affairs and
International Trade and the United States Department of State. Members include
representatives from the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
Solicitor General of Canada and Citizenship and Immigration Canada.}
^{In particular, articles 17 and 18. Canada's Foreign
Affairs Minister, Lloyd Axworthy, supported the United States' action based on
"credible evidence" from Secretary of State Madeleine Albright that United
States' assets or interests were, in fact, threatened. Foreign Affairs and International
Trade officials also advise that the bombings were exempted from the Convention pursuant
to Article 19(2). Article 19(2) exempts "activities undertaken by military forces of
a State in the exercise of their official duties inasmuch as they are governed by other
rules of international law". Foreign Affairs and International Trade officials also
point out that states continue to sign the Convention in a prompt manner, even those who
opposed the bombings and those who opposed inclusion of Article 19(2) in the Convention.}
^{The previous Senate Special Committees found, to their
dismay, that organizational responsibilities as set out in various written documents were
often not followed in practice. For example, notwithstanding the Solicitor General's
principal role for co-ordinating the federal government's response to a terrorist incident
in Canada, for each major incident studied by the Special Committees, actual coordination
had been conducted by the Privy Council Office under the direction of the Deputy Prime
Minister. The Special Committees' view was that the manuals, in their description of
procedures and responsibilities, should conform to practice, or vice versa. Otherwise the
manuals play no useful role and only confuse responsibility and accountability.}
^{This shift had been recommended by the first Senate
Special Committee on Terrorism and Public Safety.}
^{Two drafts of the National Counter-Terrorism Plan were
sent to the provinces for comment. Representatives of the Ontario government complained
that Ontario was given insufficient time to give fully-considered responses to the drafts.
Ontario's "final" response is still outstanding as this Report was being
finalized.}
^{Ontario and Manitoba. The development of Manitoba's plan
was motivated by Winnipeg being selected as the venue for the Pan American Games.}
^{Emergency Measures Ontario, "Provincial
Counter-Terrorism Plan", July 1998, subsection 2.2.}
^{Ibid., subsection 3.9.3.}
Ibid., subsection 3.6.
^{Figures from Citizenship and Immigration Canada.}
^{See Chapter III.}
^{Immigration Policy - 5 (IP-5), Citizenship and
Immigration Canada, November, 1997, para. 1.2. This applies with two exceptions: the
ability to claim refugee status after landing in Canada; and "in-land"
applications for status for humanitarian or compassionate grounds under subsection 114(2)
of the Immigration Act, by those who have no status in Canada or whose status (for example
as visitors or students) has expired.}
^{Figures from Citizenship and Immigration Canada.}
^{Not Just Numbers: A Canadian Framework for Future
Immigration, Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, (Ottawa, 1997),
p. 103.}
^{Figures from Refugee Branch, Citizenship and Immigration
Canada.}
^{Not Just Numbers, op cit. p.p. 102-103.}
^{Part III of the Immigration Act lists in section 19(a)
number of grounds that render persons inadmissible to Canada. Subsections 19(1)(e) through
19(1)(g) list the security exclusions including "persons who (sic) there are
reasonable grounds to believe...will engage in terrorism...or are members of an
organization that (sic) there are reasonable grounds to believe will...engage in
terrorism...or persons who (sic) there are reasonable grounds to believe ...have engaged
in terrorism." Nowhere is "terrorism" defined. This wording is much more
restrictive than subsection 2(d) of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act.}
^{Not Just Numbers, op cit, section 8.2 "A Lack
of Compliance", p. 102.}
^{Louis J. Freeh, Statement to the United States Senate
Judiciary Committee, Washington, D.C. September 3, 1998.}
^{In this context "privatization" means the
transfer of operational and financial responsibility for an airport from the federal
government to a duly-constituted airport authority.}
Andy Scott
^{See speech notes for Michael A. Vatis, Deputy Assistant
Director and Chief, National Infrastructure Protection Centre for appearance before the
Senate Judiciary Committee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information,
(Washington, D.C.) June 10, 1998.}
Ibid.
^{"The National Infrastructure Protection Centre:
Working Together to Protect Our Nation's Critical Infrastructures", National
Infrastructure Protection Centre, (Washington, D.C.) Undated; and United States Department
of Justice News Release "Attorney General Unveils New Critical Infrastructure
Protection Centre," (Washington, D.C.) February 27, 1998.}
^{"Steganography" means hiding a secret
message within the body of a larger message so that a reader cannot easily discern the
hidden message. "Chaffing and winnowing" in essence mean adding useless or
non-secret text to a message (i.e. chaffing) where the recipient uses a winnowing process
(a secret authentication key using a standard message authentication code
("MAC") algorithm, to read or access the secret message.}
^{See Industry Canada, "A Cryptography Policy Framework
for Electronic Commerce", op cit.}
^{A Bill to "support and promote electronic
commerce" (Bill C-54) was tabled in the House of Commons on October 1, 1998 by the
Minister of Industry.}
^{"Cryptography Policy Discussion Paper: Analysis of
Submissions", prepared for Industry Canada by AEPOS Technologies Corporation, June
11, 1998 (unpublished).}
^{With respect to encryption of stored data, 52% support a
market-driven approach, 27% support no controls at all, 12% (all law enforcement/security
intelligence agencies) support mandatory access and 6% support minimum standards. With
respect to encryption of real-time communications, 43% support the status quo, 25% support
no controls, 11% (all law enforcement/security intelligence agencies) support mandatory
controls, 6% support placing obligations on the carriers and 5% supported other options,
12% explicitly objected to mandatory controls while supporting another option. With
respect to export controls 88% supported a relaxation of controls, 6% favoured the status
quo and 1% (a law enforcement agency) supported an extension of controls. (From
"Cryptography Policy Discussion Paper: Analysis of Submissions," op cit.)}
^{The risk of an incident involving nuclear weapons, per se,
is very low. It is more likely that terrorists would use, or threaten to use, military or
industry-grade plutonium or other radioactive materials and nuclear by-products to
contaminate an area.}
^{Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act,
subsection 2332c. (b) (1).}
^{"Clarke Previews New U.S. Steps to Counter
Terrorism", United States Information Service, 8 October, 1998.}
^{The term "First Responders" refers to police,
firefighters, ambulance attendants, etc. who would normally be first on the scene of any
conventional or nuclear, biological or chemical incident.}
^{"Centres of Excellence" include the Canadian
Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC), the National Environmental Emergencies Centre, the
Atomic Energy Control Board, the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, the Defense
Research Establishment Suffield (DRES) and the Special Threat Assessment Group (STAG).}
^{According to the National Counter-Terrorism Plan, the role
of the inter-departmental Special Threat Assessment Group is to: "assess the nature,
credibility and feasibility of a nuclear, biological or chemical terrorist threat; assess
the short and long term consequences of the execution of such a threat; and recommend
mitigating and preventative measures and advise on recovery measures to the
Interdepartmental Policy Advisory Group (IPAG)."}
^{JTF2 is the successor to the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police's Special Emergency Response Team (SERT). See Report of the Senate Special
Committee on Terrorism and Public Safety (1987) p.p. 63-68.}
^{The Intelligence Assessment Secretariat (IAS) at the Privy
Council Office produces foreign intelligence assessments based on many sources. It does
not collect raw intelligence.}
^{Report of the Auditor General, op cit, para. 27.26.}
^{Pursuant to section 12, Canadian Security Intelligence
Service Act, which has no geographic limitations on where the intelligence may be
gathered.}
^{McDonald Commission, Second Report, Volume 2, p. 824.}
^{Brett Snider, "Sharing Secrets With Lawmakers:
Congress as a User of Intelligence", Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., February
1997.}
^{Such as the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, the
Communications Security Establishment, the RCMP, Revenue Canada (Customs and Excise),
Citizenship and Immigration Canada.}
^{The Vice-Chair is the Deputy Prime Minister, the members
are the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister of National Defence, the Solicitor
General and Minister of Justice, plus other Ministers who may be invited by the Prime
Minister.}
Over the past year, items on Interdepartmental Committee on Security and Intelligence's agenda have included security at the APEC Summit, cryptography policy and its implications for the sector, and the protection of critical infrastructures from threats.
See Johnston, L.K and Sheid, K.J, "Spending for Spies: Intelligence Budgeting in the Aftermath of the Cold War", Public Budgeting and Finance, Winter, 1997, p.p. 7-26.
Letter to Committee Chair from Margaret Purdy, Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet, Security and Intelligence, Privy Council Office (September 25, 1998).
Auditor General's Report, op cit, para. 27.5.
Letter to the Committee Chair from Margaret Purdy, Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet, Security and Intelligence, Privy Council Office, (September 25, 1998).
^{Executive Order 12333 (1981).}
^{The Intelligence Services Act, 1994.}
^{The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Public Complaints
Commission was established in 1986 under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act. The
function of the Commission is to review public grievances while ensuring that complaints
are dealt with individually and fairly for both the public and members of the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police. The Commission is comprised of a Chairman, a member for each
province and territory that contracts with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for policing
services and up to three other members. All members of the Commission are appointed by the
Governor-in-Council. Grievances and appeals by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police can be made to the External Review Committee which acts as one level of a two-level
review process. It hears grievances and complaints and submits recommendations to the
Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who acts as the second and last level of
review. The External Review Committee is comprised of a Chairperson, a vice-Chairperson
and three members. Because its mandate includes only members of the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police, it is not considered a "review body" for purposes of this Report.}
Section34.
^{Section 54.}
^{The original wording of the Motion was to have the
Security Intelligence Review Committee undertake the review function. This was
subsequently amended to refer to a "Security Intelligence Review Committee-like"
review.}
^{Communications Security Establishment Commissioner,
Annual Report, 1997-1998, p. 9}
^{McDonald Commission, Second Report, Volume 2, p. 899.}
^{Ibid., p. 896, para. 34.}
^{During debate on the Bill to create the Canadian Security
Intelligence Service and the Security Intelligence Review Committee, the then Solicitor
General, Robert Kaplan, M.P. stated "So even with the rejection of the McDonald
Commission's recommendations about the permanent review committee...this legislation does
contemplate greater parliamentary review in a way that is not controlled by the Solicitor
General."}
^{Committee member, Senator LeBreton, was responsible for
co-ordinating senior appointments in the Prime Minister's Office from 1984-1993. It is her
recollection that it was very difficult to find Privy Councillors who were both qualified
and interested in being appointed to the Security Intelligence Review Committee. As a
consequence, the Mulroney government adopted the expedient of appointing persons Privy
Councillors for purposes of their appointments to the Security Intelligence Review
Committee. The current government has continued that practice.}
^{PC 1975-95 (January, 1975) transferred the Communications
Branch of the National Research Council of Canada to the Department of National Defence
effective April 1, 1975. Other Orders-in-Council were issued pertaining to the management
and administration of the "Communications Security Establishment" as the
relocated agency was to be named (PC 1975-685, PC 12975-686, PC 1975-708, PC 1975-709).}
^{Report of the Special Committee on the Review of the
Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act and the Security Offences Act, In Flux but
not in Crisis, Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1990.}
^{Ibid., p.p. 193-194.}
^{The Senate Special Committee on the Canadian Security
Intelligence Service (the "Pitfield Committee", 1983-84), the Senate Special
Committee on Terrorism and Public Safety (1986-87), the Senate Special Committee on
Terrorism and Public Safety (1989) and this Committee.}
^{Report of the Auditor General for Canada to the House of
Commons, Chapter 27: "The Canadian Intelligence Community - Control and
Accountability". November, 1996.}
^{It was not clear from their testimony how widely these
witnesses were casting their net in making these statements. It is clear, however, that
the United States Congressional oversight committees have at least as much access to
information held by the security and intelligence sector as the Security Intelligence
Review Committee has to information held by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service.}
^{Andy Scott.}
^{Contrasting with the general review authorities of the
Auditor General, Privacy Commissioner, etc.}